End Notes

  1. https://sdg.iisd.org/events/world-tourism-day-2022/
  2. https://www.business-standard.com/about/when-is- world-tourism-day#collapse
  3. https://www.unwto.org/world-tourism-day-2022
  4. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/2020/ 12/impact-of-the-pandemic-on-tourism-behsudi
  5. https://www.unwto.org/tourism-and-covid-19- unprecedented-economic-impacts
  6. https://www.unwto.org/news/international-tourism- consolidates-strong-recovery-admidst-growing-challenges
  7. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs- public/2022-07/world-tourisim-day-2022-concept- note.pdf
  8. https://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a57/04001977.pdf
  9. Ibid
  10. https://tourismteacher.com/environmental-impacts-of- tourism/
  11. https://ekuonline.eku.edu/blog/global-hospitality- blog/sustainability-in-the-hospitality-and-tourism- industry/
  12. https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-floods- fact-sheet-4-fiscal-year-fy-2022
  13. https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-floods- fact-sheet-1-fiscal-year-fy-2022
  14. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/986757-flood- losses-in-swat-feared-to-be-beyond-imagination
  15. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-62758811
  16. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2374405/many-more- children-may-die-in-pakistan-after-floods-un-says
  17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115519/
  18. https://www.traveldailymedia.com/collateral-damage- tourism-industry-jolts-as-natural-disasters-strike-asia/
  19. https://theconversation.com/pakistan-needs-a- national-development-program-to-combat-future-floods- and-droughts-189815
  20. World Travel & Tourism Council. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2019 World. London: WTTC, 2019; Implementation of the 18th Constitutional Amendment. ‘Devolution of Tourism in Pakistan’.
  21. World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2019 World.
  22. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/EIR/Asia- Pacific2022_.pdf?ver=2022-04-21-065118-217
  23. Ibid
  24. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact
  25. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2021/Glo bal%20Economic%20Impact%20and%20Trends%202021.pdf
  26. https://wttc.org/Portals/0/Documents/EIR/Asia- Pacific2022_.pdf?ver=2022-04-21-065118-217
  27. Out of 117 countries
  28. Score 1-7 (best)
  29. Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021: Rebuilding for a Sustainable and Resilient Future | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)
  30. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL
  31. WTTC. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2021
  32. Ibid
  33. https://reports.weforum.org/travel-and-tourism- competitiveness-report-2019/country- profiles/#economy=PAK
  34. Pakistan 2022 Annual Research: Key Highlight https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact
  35. WEF. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019.
  36. WTTC. Travel & Tourism Economic impact 2018 Pakistan.
  37. Pakistan 2021 Annual Research: Key Highlights https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact
  38. WEF. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019.
  39. From 89 to 83.
  40. PTI. Imran Khan’s First 100 days Agenda.
  41. PTI. The Road to Naya Pakistan, PTI manifesto 2018
  42. https://www.weforum.org/reports/travel-and-tourism- development-index-2021/explore-the-data
  43. PTI. The Road to Naya Pakistan, PTI manifesto 2018.
  44. PTI. First 100 Days in Governmnet.
  45. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/68876157 1934946384/pdf/Doing-Business-2020-Comparing- Business-Regulation-in-190-Economies.pdf
  46. World Bank. Doing Business article.
  47. BOI ppt
  48. BOI ppt; World Bank. Doing Business 2020 Economy Profile Pakistan.
  49. From 10 to five procedures
  50. World Bank. Doing Business article.
  51. BOI ppt; World Bank. Doing Business article.
  52. Pakistan Economic Survey 2019-20, Chapter 04.
  53. World Bank. Doing Business article.
  54. BOI ppt; World Bank. Doing Business article.
  55. BOI ppt
  56. South Asia Sustainable Development Update_ May 2022.pdf
  57. E-banking transactions grew by 30pc to $500bn in FY21, says Reza Baqir
  58. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2300951/amazon- confirms-pakistan-has-been-added-to-its-sellers-list
  59. https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/07/01/pakistan i-startups-have-raised-284mn-in-first-half-of-2022-but- are-expected-to-close-the-year-at-less-than-2021/
  60. https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistan- launches-e-commerce-portal-to-support-entrepreneurs- freelancers-1.85927759
  61. WEF. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019.
  62. Out of 117 countries
  63. https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp- content/uploads/2022/03/GTI-2022-web-09062022.pdf
  64. Pakistan Security Report 2021 https://www.pakpips.com/web/wp- content/uploads/2022/01/Sr2021FinalWithTitles.pdf
  65. https://knoema.com/atlas/Pakistan/Homicide-rate
  66. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/VC.IHR.PSRC.P5
  67. https://www.unodc.org/pakistan/en/launch-of- pakistan-terrorism-prevention-programme.html
  68. https://www.globalvillagespace.com/after-uk-usa- travel-advisory-ease-restrictions-on-pakistan/
  69. https://www.globalvillagespace.com/after-uk-usa- travel-advisory-ease-restrictions-on-pakistan/
  70. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
  71. https://punjabpolice.gov.pk/node/7583
  72. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2359746/k-p-launches- tourism-police-force
  73. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/812403-tourist- police-for-safety-of-visitors-to-be-launched-in-islamabad
  74. https://www.dawn.com/news/1706055
  75. https://propakistani.pk/2022/08/05/punjab-govt- launches-universal-1421-helpline-for-tourists/
  76. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/981567-punjab- tourism-squad-launched-to-facilitate-tourists
  77. WEF. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019.
  78. https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_22/Economi c%20Survey%202021-22.pdf
  79. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world- development-indicators#
  80. PTI. First 100 Days in Government.
  81. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/769580-timeline- of-pti-govt-s-achievements-in-year-2020
  82. PTI manifesto 2018
  83. PTI. First 100 Days in Government.
  84. https://www.pc.gov.pk/uploads/archives/PSDP_2019- 20_Final.pdf
  85. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/483213-rs13-376- bn-allocated-for-health-sector
  86. https://www.pc.gov.pk/uploads/psdp/Summary_2021- 22_Nov-2021.pdf
  87. https://www.pc.gov.pk/web/press/get_press/648
  88. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world- development-indicators
  89. Ibid
  90. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/769580-timeline- of-pti-govt-s-achievements-in-year-2020
  91. https://www.dawn.com/news/1694804
  92. https://www.pc.gov.pk/web/press/get_press/648
  93. WEF. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019.
  94. Pakistan 2022 Annual Research: Key Highlight https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact
  95. http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/pk
  96. GCI 4.0: Mean years of schooling – GovData360 (worldbank.org)
  97. ILOSTAT https://www.ilo.org/shinyapps/bulkexplorer7/?lang=en&segment=indicator&id=EAP_2WAP_SEX_AGE_RT_A
  98. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1855731/1-national- education-policy-govt-set-enrol-20m-school-children/
  99. https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/568191- street-school; https://dailytimes.com.pk/348017/fde- classifies-data-of-out-of-school-children-to-achieve- complete-enrolment/
  100. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/886758-govt-to- bring-20m-out-of-school-children-back-to-school-pm
  101. Education Cannot Wait (ECW), UN’s global fund for education in emergencies and protracted crises
  102. https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/education- cannot-wait-announces-us132-million-catalytic-grant- support-education-most
  103. Pakistan Economic Survey 2020-21 https://www.pc.gov.pk/uploads/cpec/PES_2020_21.pdf
  104. https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/595992-pm- imran-to-launch-hunermand-jawan-programme-today
  105. https://dunyanews.tv/en/Business/614054-Over- 170000-youth-completed-their-training-courses-under- Hunarmand-Paki
  106. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2291176/pakistan-firmly- believes-in-women-empowerment-gender-equality-says- shireen-mazari
  107. Digital 2022: Pakistan 
  108. https://www.pta.gov.pk//en/telecom-indicators
  109. https://reports.weforum.org/social-mobility-report- 2020/economy-profiles/#economy=PAK
  110. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2340902/pakistan- improves-14-points-on-internet-network-residency-index
  111. https://www.techjuice.pk/pti-to-launch-digital- transformation-initiative-to-boost-it-sector-of-pakistan/
  112. tribune.com.pk/story/2113005/6-digital-pakistan- vision/
  113. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan- inaugurates-1st-science-tech-park/1668316
  114. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/927664-it- ministry-to-set-up-18-more-software-technology-parks
  115. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
  116. https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistan- launches-e-commerce-portal-to-support-entrepreneurs- freelancers-1.85927759
  117. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
  118. https://www.dawn.com/news/1674647/discouraging- digital-pakistan
  119. National e-Tijarat Portal
  120. https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistan- launches-e-commerce-portal-to-support-entrepreneurs- freelancers-1.85927759
  121. https://moitt.gov.pk/NewsDetail/N2U4Nzk1MmUtOTMzN y00ZWViLWE1N2UtNmJlYWNhOTdkYTQ3#:~:text=Ministr y%20of%20IT%20and%20Telecommunication,Union%20a nd%20Huawei%20Technologies%20Pakistan.
  122. Kp tourism
  123. https://www.globalvillagespace.com/2019-year-of- tourism-success-in-pakistan/
  124. WEF. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019.
  125. https://tcdata360.worldbank.org/indicators/govt.tat.spen d?country=PAK&indicator=24661&viz=line_chart&years=1 995,2028
  126. https://tcdata360.worldbank.org/indicators/govt.tat.sp end?country=PAK&indicator=24661&countries=BRA&viz=l ine_chart&years=1995,2028
  127. Compendium of Tourism Statistics, Data 2013 – 2017, 2019 Edition. January 2019, 1-20
  128. Bloom Consulting. Country Brand Ranking: Tourism Edition 2019-20
  129. PTI manifesto 2018
  130. http://www.finance.gov.pk/budget/Budget_in_Brief_2019_20.pdf
  131. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
  132. Public Sector Development Programme 2021-22 https://www.pc.gov.pk/uploads/archives/PSDP_2021- 22.pdf
  133. PTI. First 100 Days in Government.
  134. Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation
  135. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2302452/ptdc-decides- to-formulate-national-tourism-strategy-2021-30
  136. https://www.app.com.pk/business/ptdc-national- tourism-strategy-2020-30/
  137. PTI. First 100 Days in Government.
  138. https://skift.com/2020/01/30/pakistan-gets-serious- about-its-tourism-pitch/
  139. https://www.forbes.com/sites/annabel/2018/12/12/the- 10-coolest-places-to-go-in-2019/#4624cccc1fdc
  140. https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistan- declared-worlds-third-highest-potential-adventure- destination-for-2020-1.68714974
  141. https://www.cntraveller.com/gallery/best-holiday- destinations-2020
  142. https://skift.com/2020/01/30/pakistan-gets-serious- about-its-tourism-pitch/
  143. https://www.techjuice.pk/discover-pakistan-pakistans- first-only-tourism-tv-channel-goes-live/
  144. https://skift.com/2020/01/30/pakistan-gets-serious- about-its-tourism-pitch/
  145. https://www.passportindex.org/world-openness- score.php
  146. PTI Manifesto 2018
  147. https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/423795- highlights-of-the-new-visa-policy
  148. https://nation.com.pk/26-Mar-2019/pakistan-ends- noc-requirement-for-foreign-tourists
  149. https://www.pakistangulfeconomist.com/2021/11/29/wa rm-hospitality-of-pakistans-hotel-and-tourism/
  150. https://www.caapakistan.com.pk/upload/AT/NAP- 2019.pdf
  151. https://caapakistan.com.pk/at/at-b-intro.aspx
  152. http://www.sabahnews.net/english/archives/11854
  153. https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2021/01/16/panel- formed-to-review-air-service-agreements/
  154. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
  155. https://pkaviation.com/2020/01/02/pakistan-first-tpri- recipient-will-be-aircraft-sales-services-pvt-limited/
  156. https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/109684- pakistans-kashmir-air-awarded-tpri-licence
  157. PTI Manifesto 2018
  158. WTO. https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicSearchByMemberResult.as px?membercode=586
  159. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
  160. https://www.fbr.gov.pk/rise-of-pakistan-in- implementation-index-of-wtos-trade-facilitation- agreement/152618
  161. https://www.voanews.com/a/the-implications-of- deepening-economic-ties-between-pakistan-china-/6443711.html
  162. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1942439/2-new-aviation- policy-seeks-revitalise-sector/; https://www.dawn.com/news/1486122
  163. https://www.caapakistan.com.pk/upload/AT/NAP- 2019.pdf
  164. https://thediplomat.com/2020/01/the-quest-to-revive- tourism-in-pakistan/
  165. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.PPPC.RF?lo cations=PK
  166. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG?loca tions=PK
  167. https://ceoworld.biz/2020/02/03/most-expensive- countries-in-the-world-to-live-in-2020/
  168. https://tradingeconomics.com/pakistan/inflation-cpi
  169. https://www.globalpetrolprices.com/Pakistan/diesel_pric es/ (accessed 20 Aug 2022)
  170. WEF. T&T Competitiveness Report 2019.
  171. https://www.iata.org/en/iata- repository/publications/economic-reports/pakistan-value- of-aviation/
  172. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
  173. https://www.dawn.com/news/1564651
  174. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/882367-has-pti- govt-brought-promised-institutional-reforms
  175. https://www.dawn.com/news/1661449
  176. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
  177. https://www.dawn.com/news/1486284
  178. https://www.zawya.com/en/business/aviation/pakistans- gwadar-airport-set-to-launch-in-2023-rooydwit
  179. WEF. T&T Competitiveness Report 2019.
  180. https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_21/PES_202 0_21.pdf
  181. Calculations based on data from Pakistan Economic Surveys 2020-21 and 2018-19
  182. https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_21/13- Transport.pdf
  183. Calculations based on data from Pakistan Economic Survey 2020-21
  184. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
  185. https://www.dailysabah.com/business/transportation/1st-train-in-decade-on-pakistan-iran-turkey-route-reaches- ankara
  186. https://www.dawn.com/news/1644194
  187. https://ptpkp.gov.pk/brt-introduction/
  188. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2344126/peshawar-brt- becomes-1st-in-subcontinent-to-get-gold-standard- service-award
  189. https://www.dawn.com/news/1698735/pm-finally- inaugurates-green-blue-line-metro-services-in-islamabad
  190. https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022- monsoon-floods-situation-report-no-04-2-september- 2022
  191. Ibid
  192. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2373926/railways- suffers-rs11b-loss-due-to-devastating-floods
  193. WEF. http://reports.weforum.org/pdf/ttci- 2019/WEF_TTCI_2019_Profile_PAK.pdf
  194. https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=wor ld-development-indicators
  195. https://www.pacra.com/sector_research/PACRA%20Rese arch%20-%20Hotel%20&%20Lodging%20-%20June’21.pdf
  196. https://skift.com/2020/01/30/pakistan-gets-serious- about-its-tourism-pitch/
  197. https://themedialine.org/by-region/pakistan-regains- status-as-favored-tourist-destination/
  198. https://www.globalvillagespace.com/nlc-and-hashoo- group-partner-up-to-build-a-resort-in-gilgit-baltistan/
  199. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/889099-pc-hotel- to-open-near-attabad-lake
  200. https://customnews.pk/2019/11/03/public-private- partnership-needed-for-development-of-tourism- industry/
  201. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&order=country#alphaP
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  203. https://www.unep.org/news-and- stories/story/pakistans-ten-billion-tree-tsunami
  204. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/02/pakistan- green-recovery/
  205. WEF. http://reports.weforum.org/pdf/ttci- 2019/WEF_TTCI_2019_Profile_PAK.pdf
  206. https://www.globalvillagespace.com/ecotourism-new- buzz-word-in-pakistan/
  207. https://technologytimes.pk/2020/07/18/agri-tourism- important-component-to-revitalize-economy/
  208. WEF. T&T Competitiveness Report 2019.
  209. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&order=country#alphaP
  210. https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists?text=&country[]=00166& multinational=3&display1=inscriptionID#tabs
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  212. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/988486- preservation-of-flood-ravaged-moenjodaro-underway
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  214. https://www.dawn.com/news/1669291/saidpur- proposed-as-site-for-capitals-first-cricket-stadium#:~:text=ISLAMABAD%3A%20City%20managers%20on%20Thursday,seating%20capacity%20for%2060%2C00 0%20spectators.
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  223. https://dailytimes.com.pk/990352/historic-nandana- fort-ready-for-inauguration/
  224. https://www.dawn.com/news/1650388
  225. https://www.globalvillagespace.com/2019-year-of- tourism-success-in-pakistan/
  226. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202201/1250279.shtml
  227. https://startuppakistan.com.pk/new-skiing-area- discovered-in-gabin-jabba-swat-pm-imran-khan/
  228. https://www.pc.gov.pk/web/press/get_press/711
  229. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Culture and Tourism Authority
  230. Memorandum of Understanding
  231. Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
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  236. https://www.spottedbylocals.com/blog/alpha-beta- and-gamma-cities/
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  245. PTI Manifesto 2018.
  246. https://insaf.pk/public/insafpk/news/first-year- performance-pti-govt
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  248. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/876030-govt-built- 735-dams-in-three-years-sapm
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  250. PTI Manifesto 2018
  251. https://www.unep.org/news-and- stories/story/pakistans-ten-billion-tree-tsunami
  252. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/07/pakistan- s-billion-tree-tsunami-is-astonishing/
  253. https://en.unesco.org/courier/2019-3/pakistan-green- again
  254. https://www.brecorder.com/2019/06/11/501705/pak- forests-cover-increases-to-5-01pc/
  255. http://www.mocc.gov.pk/ProjectDetail/M2QzOWJmMjUt ZTU3MC00NmFkLWE4YmMtZDFhMmRlOGU2NGRh; PTI Manifesto 2018
  256. https://www.brecorder.com/news/40095863/10- billion-tree-tsunami-project-pm-inspects-progress-of- campaign
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  258. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/02/pakistan- green-recovery/
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